Ghana News
“Leased Sovereignty”: Retired Colonel’s Report Questions Ghana’s Defence Dependency on EU, Ukraine, US
ACCRA – A new strategic policy analysis by a retired Ghanaian colonel warns that the country’s growing network of defense partnerships with Western powers and Ukraine risks creating a condition of “leased sovereignty,” where Ghana formally owns its security capabilities but does not fully control them.
The report, titled “Leased Sovereignty: Ghana, the EU, Ukraine and the Politics of Security Dependency,” was authored by Colonel Festus B. Aboagye (Retired) and released in March 2026. It examines Ghana’s Security and Defence Partnership with the European Union, formalized in March 2026, its evolving Defence Cooperation Agreement with Ukraine, and the long-controversial 2018 defense agreement with the United States.

According to the report, Ghana risks evolving into “a signals-collection platform for external powers rather than a sovereign operator” without adequate safeguards.
The analysis introduces the concept of leased sovereignty, a condition in which states formally own capabilities they do not fully control, and situates Ghana’s security trajectory within the wider Sahel security vacuum, Russian recruitment scandals, and Ghana’s upcoming 2027 chairmanship of the African Union.
A Growing Web of External Security Ties
The report comes amid heightened debate over Ghana’s security posture. The 2018 US defense agreement has long been controversial for granting US forces broad operational privileges on Ghanaian soil, including access to key facilities, tax exemptions, and legal protections typically associated with Status of Forces Agreements.
In recent months, the government has added new layers to its external security architecture. A landmark partnership with the European Union, formalized in March 2026, has introduced advanced surveillance systems, military equipment, and intelligence-sharing capabilities. Parallel discussions with Ukraine signal an interest in drone technology and border security innovation.
Domestically, authorities have embarked on an ambitious expansion of the security sector, including plans to recruit tens of thousands of personnel and establish a cyber and electronic warfare center in the north.
The “Leased Sovereignty” Thesis
Aboagye’s report argues that without adequate safeguards, these layered agreements risk entrenching Ghana within a network of external security dependencies—one that could dilute national control over critical decisions. The report provides a three-horizon roadmap to convert external dependency into sovereign capability.
The analysis highlights emerging challenges in drone technology, counter-unmanned aerial systems (counter-UAS), data sovereignty, and regional resilience, arguing that these areas are reshaping Africa’s security landscape and require deliberate policy responses.
Renewed Sovereignty Debate
The report’s release has coincided with a growing coalition of activists and civil society actors demanding the repeal or renegotiation of the 2018 US agreement. The Socialist Movement of Ghana has launched a national petition, gathering hundreds of signatures, and is calling for mandatory parliamentary oversight for future agreements, public hearings, and explicit safeguards against permanent foreign military bases.
Critics argue that the 2018 deal was approved without sufficient public scrutiny, raising concerns about transparency and democratic oversight. While similar provisions exist in defense agreements globally, activists contend that the issue is not merely the content of the agreement but the process behind its approval.
Regional Context
The debate is unfolding against a backdrop of rapid geopolitical change in West Africa. The emergence of the Alliance of Sahel States (AES)—comprising Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger—and its increasingly adversarial posture towards Western military involvement has reshaped how coastal states think about defense.
As the AES bloc consolidates its position and distances itself from Western alliances, countries like Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire are increasingly seen as part of a different strategic orbit. This divergence has practical consequences for cross-border trade, mobility, and regional cooperation.
Policy Implications
For policymakers, the report underscores a fundamental dilemma: Ghana faces genuine security challenges, from extremist threats in the Sahel to evolving cyber risks, but every international partnership carries trade-offs between capability enhancement and sovereign autonomy.
The report’s recommendations include strengthening parliamentary oversight of defense agreements, ensuring public transparency in security decision-making, and developing indigenous capabilities to reduce long-term dependency on external powers.
Colonel Festus B. Aboagye (Retired) is a prominent security analyst whose work focuses on West African defense governance, regional security architecture, and the intersection of technology and sovereignty.
His report is positioned as an evidence-based resource for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars navigating Africa’s rapidly evolving security landscape.
Ghana News
Ghanaian Firms Inject €425,000 of Own Funds to Ignite ‘Made in Ghana’ Health Innovation
In a powerful demonstration of local ownership, Ghanaian research institutions and pharmaceutical manufacturers are contributing an additional €425,000 of their own money to implement innovative health projects, signaling a robust commitment to advancing homegrown medical solutions beyond relying on foreign aid alone.
The co-funding is part of a €2 million grant package awarded under the PharmaVax Ghana program, backed by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and the European Union (EU).
The initiative is designed to bridge the critical gap between scientific discovery and industrial-scale manufacturing within Ghana.
While the grants provide vital financial fuel, the local co-investment—which ranges from €10,000 to €150,000 across the eight winning projects—represents a crucial “skin in the game” approach.
It shows that local institutions are not merely passive recipients of aid, but active stakeholders willing to risk their own capital to bring products to the market. This practical commitment underscores the sustainability of the projects, ensuring they are not abandoned once international funding cycles end.

The projects span a wide range of medical priorities, including fast-dissolving oral tablets for child-friendly malaria treatment, AI-powered diagnostic tools for Mpox and malaria, standardized herbal treatments for hypertension and liver disease, and stability data for locally produced tetanus-diphtheria vaccines.

Highlighting the importance of this local participation, Dr. Sodzi Sodzi-Tettey, Chief Executive Officer of the National Vaccine Institute (NVI), emphasized that the funds are meant to catalyze local capabilities.
“Ghana has the scientific talent, the research institutions and an increasingly capable pharmaceutical industry to develop health solutions that respond to our own priorities,” he stated. “By bringing these strengths together, we are creating the foundation for medicines and vaccines that are developed in Ghana, manufactured in Ghana, and have the potential to benefit the wider region.”
Ghana’s Minister of Health, Hon. Kwabena Mintah Akandoh, echoed this sentiment, noting that the initiative marks a journey where researchers and manufacturers collaborate to transform scientific discoveries into life-saving products.
The €425,000 in local contributions—combined with the €2 million in grants and technical assistance from the EU and Germany—positions Ghana as a rising hub for pharmaceutical industrialization in West Africa, moving the nation closer to health security and economic self-reliance.
Ghana News
From Default to Discipline: How Ghana is Legally Binding Itself to Prevent the Next Debt Crisis
Fresh off a landmark agreement with Belgium that eases its debt burden, Ghana’s Finance Minister, Dr. Cassiel Ato Forson, has unveiled a sweeping package of legal and institutional reforms designed to permanently prevent the country from sliding back into the fiscal chaos that triggered its 2022 sovereign default.
The deal with Belgium to restructure €163 million in debt owed to the country’s Export Credit Agency marks a pivotal step towards completing Ghana’s broader debt restructuring program. Crucially, the agreement frees up much-needed “fiscal space” by slashing the amount of national revenue consumed by debt servicing. Minister Forson revealed that Ghana’s debt-service burden has fallen drastically from a crippling peak of roughly 50% to 55% of national revenue to less than 20% today—a shift that directly impacts the government’s ability to fund schools, hospitals, and roads.
However, the most significant aspect of Ghana’s strategy is its attempt to codify fiscal prudence into law, ensuring that the discipline learned from the crisis is not lost by future administrations.
A Three-Pronged Strategy for Fiscal Discipline
1. The Commitment Authorization Regime
At the core of the immediate controls is a strict mandate for all Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs). Under the amended Public Financial Management Act, no government institution can initiate a contract for goods, services, or works without first securing commitment authorization from the Finance Minister . This process, integrated with the Ghana Integrated Financial Management Information System (GIFMIS), acts as a “roadblock” to prevent overspending and the accumulation of hidden arrears—a practice that historically poisoned the country’s finances.
2. Binding Fiscal Rules in Law
Beyond day-to-day controls, the government has instituted statutory targets to ensure long-term solvency. The Public Financial Management Act has been amended to require a minimum annual primary surplus of 1.5% of GDP and to cap the national debt-to-GDP ratio at 45% by 2034 . These are not policy recommendations but binding legal requirements, with the Finance Minister potentially facing censure for breaching these targets.
3. Independent Oversight Institutions
To guarantee that fiscal responsibility is maintained even after Ghana concludes its International Monetary Fund (IMF) programme, the government has established two powerful oversight bodies:
- The Value for Money Office: Parliament passed the Value-for-Money Office Bill in March 2026, creating an independent body to scrutinize major public expenditure. This office will combat inflated contracts, cost overruns, and abandoned projects by issuing mandatory “Value for Money Certificates” before major contracts are awarded.
- The Independent Fiscal Council: The government is establishing a council composed of locally appointed experts to provide advisory support on financial controls and fiscal decision-making . This council, scheduled to take effect after the IMF programme ends, aims to strengthen domestic oversight and accountability, ensuring that Ghana owns its fiscal destiny.
From Recovery to Sustainability
Finance Minister Ato Forson is clear about the goal: “We want to ensure that the fiscal rules that we have instituted today are enshrined in law, so that even if this government is not there, the next government will have to make sure that these fiscal rules are respected” .
The Belgium agreement is the immediate piece of good news that provides tangible relief—allowing Ghana to redirect more resources towards essential public services. But the real measure of Ghana’s recovery will be its ability to enforce these new legal shackles.
By moving from crisis management to institutionalized discipline, Ghana is attempting to break the cycle of over-borrowing, arrears, and economic collapse that has plagued the nation for decades.
Ghana News
EU and Germany Inject €2 Million into Ghana to Boost ‘Made in Africa’ Pharma Production
In a significant boost to Africa’s push for pharmaceutical self-reliance, the European Union (EU) and Germany have injected €2 million into Ghana to bridge the critical gap between laboratory research and industrial-scale manufacturing.
The funding, awarded under the PharmaVax Ghana programme, has been distributed to eight groundbreaking research partnerships aimed at developing and manufacturing medicines and vaccines locally, drastically reducing the continent’s historical reliance on imported drugs.
The announcement came during the “Research Meets Manufacturing” Award Ceremony in Accra on August 19, co-hosted by Ghana’s National Vaccine Institute (NVI) and the German development agency GIZ.
The grants are jointly funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and the European Union (EU) as part of the broader Team Europe Initiative on Manufacturing and Access to Vaccines, Medicines and Health Technologies in Africa (MAV+).
This strategic geopolitical and economic move underscores Western Europe’s commitment to backing local African manufacturing ecosystems, countering the long-standing structural imbalance where Africa imports over 90% of its pharmaceuticals.
“A ceremony marks the beginning of an important journey—a journey that brings researchers, manufacturers, government and international partners together to transform scientific discoveries into medicines and vaccines that save and improve lives,” said Hon. Kwabena Mintah Akandoh, Ghana’s Minister of Health, during the event.
Innovation Across the Health Spectrum
The eight winning projects, selected from 43 competitive proposals by an independent committee of nine Ghanaian experts, represent the breadth of the nation’s scientific talent. They include:
- AI-driven monoclonal antibodies and diagnostics for Mpox and malaria, using a Ghanaian artificial intelligence platform.
- Fast-dissolving oral tablets for the treatment of malaria in children, addressing critical issues of accurate dosing.
- Clinical trials for locally developed herbal treatments for prostate health, hypertension, and alcohol-related liver disease.
- Stability data generation to support regulatory approval of locally produced tetanus-diphtheria vaccines, snake venom antiserum, and pain management therapies.
A Foundation for Health Sovereignty
Dr. Sodzi Sodzi-Tettey, Chief Executive Officer of the National Vaccine Institute, emphasized that the grants go far beyond financial aid.
“Ghana has the scientific talent, the research institutions and an increasingly capable pharmaceutical industry to develop health solutions that respond to our own priorities,” Dr. Sodzi-Tettey stated. “By bringing these strengths together, we are creating the foundation for medicines and vaccines that are developed in Ghana, manufactured in Ghana, and have the potential to benefit the wider region.”
Notably, Ghanaian partners are contributing an additional €425,000 towards implementing their projects, demonstrating a strong local commitment to advancing homegrown innovation. Alongside the direct funding, the projects will also receive technical assistance, networking opportunities, and knowledge exchange to ensure long-term commercial viability.
As the global health community increasingly looks to localized manufacturing to secure supply chains, this €2 million initiative serves as a pivotal case study.
It represents a concrete, actionable blueprint for how international development capital can ignite the “Made in Africa” pharmaceutical industrial wave, securing the continent’s health security and driving economic development from within.
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