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Accra’s Floods Expose Deeper Crisis of Governability, Analyst Argues

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Every rainy season, images of submerged vehicles, stranded commuters, and plastic-choked drains flood Ghanaian social media. The familiar narrative follows: poor drainage, inadequate infrastructure, climate change, and yet another call for desilting exercises.

But a growing chorus of urban analysts and researchers argues that this explanation, while not false, is dangerously incomplete. The real crisis, they contend, is not engineering—it is governability.

In a recent analytical essay titled “Accra and the Future Now Emerging Across Urban Africa,” writer Richard Dablah argues that Accra’s recurrent flooding reveals a widening gap between the speed of urban transformation and the capacity of institutions to manage it. Decades of cleanup campaigns, desilting exercises, and donor-funded resilience projects have failed to produce lasting resolution, he writes, because the city has entered a phase where informality, improvisation, and distributed adaptation have become the “hidden operating system” of metropolitan survival.

“The city evolves faster than the governing logic designed to manage it,” Dablah writes.

His diagnosis echoes a growing body of academic research. In a study published in April 2025, urban planning scholars Stephen Appiah Takyi and Owusu Amponsah surveyed 100 households in flood-prone areas of Accra, including Kaneshie, Adabraka, and Kwame Nkrumah Circle.

Their finding was stark: 52 percent of residents attributed flooding to weak enforcement of land use regulations, while only 8 percent blamed changes in rainfall patterns. Analysis of recorded flood and rainfall data found no correlation between increased rainfall and flooding—in 2017, for example, rainfall decreased while flooding increased.

Political Ecology, Not Climate Alone

Dr. Albert A. Arhin, a development planner and research fellow at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology’s Bureau of Integrated Rural Development, has made a similar argument.

In an opinion piece published by Graphic Online in July 2025, he wrote that Accra’s floods are “less about global warming and climate change and more about political ecology—how power, planning and privilege shape who suffers and why.”

Arhin points to selective enforcement as a core driver. “Bulldozers are quick to demolish the kiosks of the poor, but eerily silent when luxury estates encroach on floodplains,” he wrote. Urban planning decisions, he argued, are routinely undermined by political interference, and enforcement agencies remain systematically under-resourced.

“When developers know they can grease the system to override technical advice,” Arhin asked, “what incentive remains to follow the rules?”

Research conducted by Josephine Agbeko and Daniel Shtob of Michigan Technological University, published in April 2026 through the Global Disaster Preparedness Center, reached a similar conclusion.

After 40 in-depth interviews with municipal leaders, community leaders, and residents in four at-risk informal settlements, the researchers found that Accra’s dominant flood response “centers on technological and infrastructural solutions and largely omits community-engaged, participatory planning and governance, often to the detriment of project efficacy”.

Historical Planning Failures

The roots of today’s crisis run deep. According to a 2024 policy analysis published by The Ghana Report, the Town and Country Planning Division prepared a plan for Accra in 1958 that designated low-lying areas along the Odaw River for public open space, agriculture, and green belt specifically to conserve flood-prone areas. Decades later, hundreds of acres of those designated spaces have been converted into building plots.

In 1973, a Drainage Committee appointed by the National Liberation Council recommended prohibiting construction within 100 feet on either bank of major drainage channels. Those recommendations were never enforced. In 1992, the Strategic Plan for the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area included thematic maps on seven drainage basins and flood-prone areas, but it “remained on the shelf,” the analysis noted.

More recently, in July 2025, Ghana’s Ministry of Local Government, Chieftaincy and Religious Affairs held a validation workshop for a revised National Urban Policy Monitoring and Evaluation Framework, supported by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. The framework is designed to track inputs, activities, outputs, and long-term outcomes for urban planning, and includes plans for an Urban Observatory to support continuous monitoring and reporting.

Whether this framework will succeed where previous efforts have failed remains an open question. The same workshop also produced a draft Capacity Needs Assessment Report identifying “institutional gaps in staffing, logistics, technical capabilities, and coordination mechanisms across urban governance actors”.

Informality as Adaptation

Dablah’s essay situates Accra’s governance crisis within a broader African urban reality. He argues that informality has ceased to represent a temporary deviation from urban order and has instead become the “hidden operating system” of metropolitan survival.

Academic research supports this view. A 2025 study by Dr. Isaac Addo of the University of Ghana, published in the volume “Intersectionality and the City,” examined low-income workers at Accra’s Airport City—a “world-class enclave” of multinational businesses. Despite being employed in a space designed for high-income transients, these workers earn low wages and face barriers to accessing basic necessities. Their response has been to “common” the urban enclave, producing liminal spaces that blur the boundary between formality and informality through informal food vending and other adaptive strategies.

Dablah argues that this distributed adaptation—informal transport networks absorbing mobility pressures, informal settlements absorbing demographic expansion, plastic sachets compensating for uneven water access, private generators filling energy gaps—has become the mechanism through which Accra functions.

“Nothing fully collapses,” he writes. “Yet nothing fully resolves either.”

Dr. Onyanta Adama-Ajonye, a researcher at Stockholm University whose work focuses on urban governance and service delivery in African cities, is currently leading a project examining how informal waste workers in Accra, Lagos, and Maputo keep materials in circulation through improvised practices. Her research explores how new circular economy policies encounter pre-existing informal systems—often with unintended consequences for marginalized groups.

The Way Forward

Researchers and policy analysts have offered concrete recommendations. Takyi and Amponsah call for strict enforcement of buffer regulations, collaboration between planning authorities and the judiciary, and the adoption of green infrastructure such as rain gardens, permeable pavement, and rain harvesting systems. They also suggest introducing the “polluter pays principle” in city management, requiring those who encroach on wetlands or dispose of waste indiscriminately to bear the cost of environmental degradation—a practice already applied in cities such as Barcelona and Helsinki.

The 2024 policy analysis from The Ghana Report proposed establishing an Accra Region Conservation Authority or empowering the existing Densu Basin Board to undertake storm water management across entire drainage basins rather than within fragmented local government jurisdictions.

The author also called for a massive public awareness and education programme “directed towards attitude change that would enable people to understand flood problems, and to see themselves as being part, not only of the problem, but also of the solution”.

Arhin, the KNUST research fellow, offered a blunter assessment.

“These are not technical challenges—they are political choices,” he wrote. “Until we tackle the power dynamics behind who builds where and who is held accountable, no amount of rainfall prediction models or climate resilience strategies will save Accra from its next inundation”.

For Dablah, the stakes extend beyond Accra. He argues that the pressures converging inside African cities—climate instability, demographic compression, fragmented governance, adaptive informality—increasingly resemble pressures emerging globally.

“The future may arrive unevenly,” he writes. “But it rarely arrives only once.”

As Ghana invests over $200 million in the Greater Accra Resilient and Integrated Development (GARID) project and other interventions, the question is whether these investments will address the underlying governance crisis or simply build more infrastructure atop a dysfunctional system.

The floodwaters, Dablah suggests, will reveal the answer.

Ghana News

WHO Hails Ghana’s New Heart Lab as Lifesaver in Battle Against Non-Communicable Diseases

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The World Health Organization (WHO) has welcomed the commissioning of a new Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory at the National Cardiothoracic Centre of Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, describing the facility as a “significant investment” in the fight against non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and a critical step toward saving lives.

President John Dramani Mahama officially inaugurated the state-of-the-art laboratory on July 9, 2026—sixteen months after a devastating fire destroyed the country’s previous catheterization laboratory, which had provided specialized cardiac diagnostic and interventional services since January 2017.

The new facility was reconstructed through the Ghana Medical Trust Fund, known as MahamaCares, a statutory fund established to finance specialized and high-cost treatment for chronic non-communicable diseases. The project aligns with the WHO’s strategy of strengthening countries’ capacity to prevent, detect, and manage NCDs, particularly cardiovascular diseases.

A Critical Gap Filled

The WHO noted that the recommissioning addresses a critical gap in Ghana’s healthcare system at a time when non-communicable diseases have become one of the country’s leading public health challenges.

“As Ghana faces a growing burden of NCDs, particularly cardiovascular diseases, this laboratory will improve timely diagnosis, expand cardiac care, and save lives,” the UN health agency stated.

Globally, NCDs account for 41 million deaths every year, representing nearly three-quarters of all deaths worldwide. More than 85% of premature NCD deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries, according to the WHO.

The burden is similarly high in Ghana, where non-communicable diseases are estimated to account for about 45% of all deaths, driven largely by cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers, and chronic respiratory illnesses.

WHO’s Longstanding Support

The WHO has supported Ghana’s response through several initiatives, including the Ghana STEPS Survey 2023—a nationwide assessment of NCD risk factors co-funded by the governments of the United Kingdom and Norway—and the implementation of the WHO Package of Essential Noncommunicable Disease Interventions (PEN).

The PEN program seeks to strengthen primary healthcare by improving early diagnosis, standardizing treatment protocols, and enhancing referrals for patients with chronic diseases.

What the New Lab Means for Patients

The new catheterization laboratory is expected to significantly improve the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, addressing longstanding challenges including:

  • Limited specialized equipment
  • Delayed emergency cardiac care
  • Inconsistent clinical management
  • Inadequate monitoring of patients across different levels of the health system

For thousands of Ghanaians living with heart conditions, the facility represents more than just infrastructure—it offers a second chance at life, reducing the need for costly and often inaccessible overseas medical treatment.

A Broader Commitment

The commissioning marks a significant boost to Ghana’s capacity to deliver advanced cardiac care and reflects broader efforts to strengthen the country’s response to the growing burden of non-communicable diseases. As NCDs continue to rise across Africa, Ghana’s investment in specialized cardiac infrastructure offers a model for other nations grappling with the double burden of infectious and chronic diseases.

The new laboratory stands as a testament to what can be achieved when political will, international partnerships, and domestic health financing converge—a life-saving facility rebuilt from the ashes, ready to serve a nation determined to fight back against its deadliest silent killers.

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From Floods to Action: Ghana’s President Unveils Monthly Cleanup Plan

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President John Dramani Mahama on Friday joined thousands of Ghanaians in a nationwide clean-up exercise across the flood-ravaged Accra Metropolis, using the occasion to announce a new policy that would set aside one day every month for community cleaning—a move aimed at transforming crisis response into sustained civic routine.

The two-day National General Cleaning Exercise, which began at 6:00 am on Friday and resumes on Saturday, targets seven flood-affected regions, with Greater Accra alone hosting 104 identified flood-prone locations. At Tse Addo, President Mahama inspected a newly desilted drain, pointing to the volume of plastic waste removed as evidence of the cause behind Ghana’s recurring flooding disasters.

“Clearly, we can see the cause of some of the challenges we face. We have just desilted this drain, and the amount of plastic waste removed from it tells the story,” the President observed. He noted that the quantity of sand and silt accumulated over several years had drastically reduced the drain’s capacity to carry water effectively.

A Systemic Failure Exposed

The President acknowledged that previous clean-up efforts had been undermined by poor disposal practices—silt removed from drains was often left by the roadside, only to be washed back in when the rains returned.

“As part of this exercise, we must ensure that after removing the silt, we have the necessary capacity to transport it away and dispose of it at appropriate locations,” he said, adding that consistent effort over the next year or two would restore the drains’ capacity.

Monthly Clean-Up: From Crisis to Routine

In a significant policy announcement, President Mahama stressed that the cleanup should not be a one-time activity but a continuous national effort, with at least one day set aside every month for communities to clean their surroundings. The proposal signals a shift from reactive disaster response to proactive environmental governance—a model that development experts say could offer lessons for other rapidly urbanizing nations across the Global South.

Plastic Waste: The Hidden Culprit

At Alajo, where the desilted drain forms part of the Odaw stream, the President revealed two major challenges: the accumulation of silt and the presence of plastics and household waste, including discarded building materials, old furniture and dining tables.

“Drains are not dumping grounds,” Mahama stressed, urging residents to make use of skip containers placed across the city for proper collection by waste management companies. His remarks connect Ghana’s flooding crisis to a global environmental emergency—plastic waste clogging urban drainage systems—a problem that resonates from Jakarta to Lagos.

Military Deployment and Funding

The President disclosed that the Minister of Finance had released GH¢150 million to support dredging of streams and other flood interventions. He announced that the Armed Forces would continue the dredging exercise even after the two-day national cleanup program ended, with additional backhoes to be provided to help remove silt and transport it to approved disposal sites.

“Without proper disposal, the same silt and garbage will be washed back into the drains when the rains return,” he warned.

A Warning Against Complacency

In a striking metaphor, President Mahama cautioned against complacency, saying the country must not “behave like the vulture that plans to repair its roof only after the rains have stopped”.

“We must act now. That is why it is important that we clear our drains and waterways,” he stressed.

The President attributed some of the current sanitation challenges to the pressures of urbanization, noting that traditional values around keeping the environment clean had, in some cases, been abandoned as a result of the anonymity that comes with city life. He called for a restoration of that discipline and commended traditional leaders, including Nii Ga, for their support in mobilizing residents.

What Happens Next

The two-day exercise, which requires non-essential shops, markets, and commercial establishments within affected regions to remain closed from 6:00 am to 1:00 pm, is expected to mobilize millions of citizens. Saturday’s phase will shift focus toward community-level activities, with residents, volunteer groups, traditional authorities, and waste management companies taking the lead.

For many Ghanaians, however, the biggest question is whether the monthly clean-up proposal will be sustained—or whether it will fade after the current crisis subsides. The answer may ultimately determine whether Ghana’s latest flood response becomes remembered as a turning point in environmental governance, or yet another missed opportunity.

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Ghana’s Nationwide Flood Clean-Up Kicks Off with Slow Start

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ACCRA, Ghana – July 10, 2026 – A two-day nationwide clean-up exercise across seven flood-ravaged regions began Friday morning sluggishly.

Authorities have been urging residents, businesses, and institutions to ramp up participation as teams work to clear refuse, desilt choked drains, and restore public spaces following recent devastating floods.

The exercise, which commenced at 6:00 am local time, will run until 1:00 pm and resume on Saturday, July 11, during the same hours. While early-morning activity in several metropolitan areas was initially subdued, officials report that momentum is gradually building as local assemblies, waste management contractors, security services, and volunteer groups deploy to designated hotspots.

According to the government’s outlined schedule, the first day focuses on Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs), Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies (MMDAs), public and private institutions, educational bodies, and waste management firms.

Saturday’s phase will pivot toward community-led efforts, tapping into residents, traditional authorities, and volunteer networks to drive localized clean-up at the grassroots level.

In a bid to maximize turnout, non-essential shops, markets, and commercial establishments within the seven affected regions have been ordered to shut their doors from 6:00 am to 1:00 pm on both days, with exemptions granted only to essential and emergency service providers.

The Ministry has called on transport operators, religious groups, and corporate entities to actively back the initiative, framing it as a critical step toward restoring safe, hygienic communities after the flooding crisis.

Greater Accra, the epicenter of the recent deluge, hosts the bulk of the operation, with authorities identifying 104 flood-prone and affected locations across 17 assemblies. Key areas include, Ga South (Tetegu, STC, Mallam East, New Weija), Ga Central (Awoshie, Kolegu, Israel, A-Land), Ga North (Pokuase Footbridge, Ofankor Barrier), and Ga East (Dome Market, Abokobi Drain). In the capital’s core, heavy machinery and manual crews are converging on major drainage arteries such as Alajo, Kokomlemle, Pig Farm, Mamobi, Nima Highway, the Kanda stretch to Kawukudi, and the 37 Hospital corridor. Coastal communities like Teshie-Nungua, Prampram, Sege, and Tema West’s industrial and residential zones are also actively participating.

Despite the tepid start, authorities remain optimistic that participation will surge as the morning progresses, setting the stage for an even more robust community-driven effort on Saturday.

The exercise represents the government’s most visible response to the recent flooding emergency, mobilizing public administration and local governance structures to tackle the immediate environmental and health hazards facing affected populations.

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